Sensitive and specific antibodies can be used as essential probes to develop competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA). However， traditional antibodies are difficult to produce， only available in limited quantities， and ineffective as enzymatic labels. Nanobodies， which are single-domain antibodies (sdAbs)， offer an alternative， more promising tool to circumvent these limitations. In the present work， a cELISA using nanobody-horseradish peroxidase (HRP) fusion protein firstly designed as a probe was developed for detecting anti-Newcastle disease virus (NDV) antibodies in chicken sera.
Sensitive and specific antibodies can be used as essential probes to develop competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA). However， traditional antibodies are difficult to produce， only available in limited quantities， and ineffective as enzymatic labels. Nanobodies， which are single-domain antibodies (sdAbs)， offer an alternative， more promising tool to circumvent these limitations. In the present work， a cELISA using nanobody-horseradish peroxidase (HRP) fusion protein firstly designed as a probe was developed for detecting anti-Newcastle disease virus (NDV) antibodies in chicken sera.
