Immunoglobulins (Ig) and free light chains (FLC) is involved in humoral immune response. Ig is composed of two identical light chains and two identical heavy chains. FLC contains two types: kappa free light chain (KFLC) and lambda free light chain (LFLC). The expression of Kappa or Lambda is greatly increased in multiple myeloma or other B cell malignancies. It is useful for the identification of certain non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas, leukemias and plasmacytomas. Immunohistochemistry is commonly applied for the detection of free light chains.
It is type I transmembrane glycoprotein that belongs to the B7 family. PD-L1 is expressed on T cells, B cells, NK cells, dendritic cells, IFN-γ activated endothelial cells, and monocytes. It plays a role in regulating T cell responses. The interaction of PD-L1 with PD-1 inhibits T cell proliferation and cytokine production.
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) known as ALK tyrosine kinase receptor or CD246, is a tyrosine kinase receptor. ALK is an important biomarker for diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Zykadia (Ceritinib) has been permitted for treating patent with ALK-Positive NSCLC.
It is type I transmembrane glycoprotein that belongs to the B7 family. PD-L1 is expressed on T cells, B cells, NK cells, dendritic cells, IFN-γ activated endothelial cells, and monocytes. It plays a role in regulating T cell responses. The interaction of PD-L1 with PD-1 inhibits T cell proliferation and cytokine production.
Immunoglobulins (Ig) and free light chains (FLC) is involved in humoral immune response. Ig is composed of two identical light chains and two identical heavy chains. FLC contains two types: kappa free light chain (KFLC) and lambda free light chain (LFLC). The expression of Kappa or Lambda is greatly increased in multiple myeloma or other B cell malignancies. It is useful for the identification of certain non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas, leukemias and plasmacytomas. Immunohistochemistry is commonly applied for the detection of free light chains.
MSH6, also known as MutS protein homolog 6, is a member of the Mutator S (MutS) family of proteins. It functions to repair mutations during DNA replication. MSH6 is a useful in diagnostics of gastrointestinal tract cancer.
Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 (PD-1), is cell surface receptor expressing on T cells and pro-B cells. The binding of PD-1 to its two ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2, could result in down-regulation of the immune system by inhibiting the T-cell activation process. Thus, PD-1 is an important immune checkpoint and a popular target for therapeutic antibodies against many cancers.