Macroautophagy/autophagy is a conserved degradation pathway in eukaryotes that is required for recycling unwanted intracellular components, maintaining homeostasis, and coping with biotic and abiotic stresses. Pathogens have evolved to subvert autophagic machinery by secreting host cell-entering effector proteins. Here, we provided evidence that an apple autophagy-related gene , activated autophagy and contributed to resistance against canker caused by () when being overexpressed in apple. MdATG8i interacted with a plastid elongation factor Tu (MdEF-Tu) which became insoluble and aggregated during infection and was degraded through the autophagy pathway. Intriguingly, we identified a highly-induced effector ... More
Macroautophagy/autophagy is a conserved degradation pathway in eukaryotes that is required for recycling unwanted intracellular components, maintaining homeostasis, and coping with biotic and abiotic stresses. Pathogens have evolved to subvert autophagic machinery by secreting host cell-entering effector proteins. Here, we provided evidence that an apple autophagy-related gene , activated autophagy and contributed to resistance against canker caused by () when being overexpressed in apple. MdATG8i interacted with a plastid elongation factor Tu (MdEF-Tu) which became insoluble and aggregated during infection and was degraded through the autophagy pathway. Intriguingly, we identified a highly-induced effector secreted from , Vm1G-1794, which competitively interacted with MdATG8i, suppressed autophagy, and depleted MdEF-Tu out of MdATG8i complexes. The formation of stable MdEF-Tu aggregates caused by Vm1G-1794 promoted the susceptibility of apple to . Overall, our study demonstrated that MdATG8i contributed to resistance by targeting and degrading MdEF-Tu, and Vm1G-1794 competed with MdEF-Tu to target MdATG8i and prevent MdEF-Tu degradation, thus favoring infection.: : cauliflower mosaic virus promoter; AIM: ATG8-interacting motif; ATG8-PE: ATG8 conjugated with phosphatidylethanolamine; BiFC: biomolecular fluorescence complementation; Con A: concanamycin A; Co-IP: co-immunoprecipitation; DEPs: differentially expressed proteins; DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide; GFP: green fluorescent protein; hpt: hours post-treatment; LCI: luciferase complementation imaging; MdATG8i: autophagy-related protein 8i in ; MDC: monodansylcadaverine; MdEF-Tu: elongation factor Tu in ; MdNBR1: neighbor of BRCA1 in ; OE: overexpression; PAMP: pathogen-associated molecular pattern; PTI: pattern-triggered immunity; qRT-PCR: quantitative reverse transcription PCR; RFP: red fluorescent protein; RNAi: RNA interference; ROS: reactive oxygen species; Ub: ubiquitin; ; WT: wild-type plant; YFP: yellow fluorescent protein.
