Environmental Decontamination of a Chemical Warfare Simulant Utilizing a Membrane Vesicle-Encapsulated Phosphotriesterase.

While technologies for the remediation of chemical contaminants continue to emerge， growing interest in green technologies has led researchers to explore natural catalytic mechanisms derived from microbial species. One such method， enzymatic degradation， offers an alternative to harsh chemical catalysts and resins. Recombinant enzymes， however， are often too labile or show limited activity when challenged with nonideal environmental conditions that may vary in salinity， pH， or other physical properties. Here， we demonstrate how phosphotriesterase encapsulated in a bacterial outer membrane vesicle can be used to degrade the organophosphate chemical warfare agent (CWA) simulant paraoxon in environmental water samples. We also carried out remediation assays on solid surfaces， including glass， painted metal， and fabric， that were selected as representative materials， which could potentially be contaminated with a CWA.