Damage on plants activates Ca-dependent metacaspases for release of immunomodulatory peptides.

Physical damage to cells leads to the release of immunomodulatory peptides to elicit a wound defense response in the surrounding tissue. In ， the plant elicitor peptide 1 (Pep1) is processed from its protein precursor， PRECURSOR OF PEP1 (PROPEP1). We demonstrate that upon damage， both at the tissue and single-cell levels， the cysteine protease METACASPASE4 (MC4) is instantly and spatiotemporally activated by binding high levels of Ca and is necessary and sufficient for Pep1 maturation. Cytosol-localized PROPEP1 and MC4 react only after loss of plasma membrane integrity and prolonged extracellular Ca entry. Our results reveal that a robust mechanism consisting of conserved molecular components links the intracellular and Ca-dependent activation of a specific cysteine protease with the maturation of damage-induced wound defense signals.