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Mammalian Expression> | … -formyl-δ-toxin, and Nʹ-formyl-PSMβ1 33 were custom synthesized by GenScript (Piscataway, New Jersey, USA) at 95% purity. Human cathelicidin LL-37 42 was custom synthesized by GenScript (Piscataway, New Jersey, USA) at 95% purity or purchased from AnaSpec (AS-… | Get A Quote |
Signal inhibitory receptor on leukocytes-1 (SIRL-1) is a negative regulator of myeloid cell function and dampens antimicrobial responses. We here show that different species of the genus Staphylococcus secrete SIRL-1-engaging factors. By screening a library of single-gene transposon mutants in Staphylococcus aureus, we identified these factors as phenol-soluble modulins (PSMs). PSMs are amphipathic α-helical peptides involved in multiple aspects of staphylococcal virulence and physiology. They are cytotoxic and activate the chemotactic formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) on immune cells. Human cathelicidin LL-37 is also an amphipathic α-helical peptide with antimicrobial and chemotactic activities, structurall... More