Apolipoprotein E deficiency accelerates atherosclerosis development in miniature pigs.

Miniature pigs have advantages over rodents in modeling atherosclerosis because their cardiovascular system and physiology are similar to that of humans. Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) deficiency has long been implicated in cardiovascular disease in humans. To establish an improved large animal model of familial hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis， the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated protein 9 system (CRISPR/Cas9) was used to disrupt the gene in Bama miniature pigs. Biallelic-modified pigs with in-frame mutations ( ) and frameshift mutations ( ) were simultaneously produced. pigs exhibited moderately increased plasma cholesterol levels when fed with a regular chow diet， but displayed severe hypercholesterolemia and spontaneously developed human-like atherosclerotic lesions in the aorta and coronary arteries after feeding on a high-fat and high-cholesterol (HFHC) diet for 6 months. Thus， these pigs could be valuable large animal models for providing further insight into translational studies of atherosclerosis.